Metabolism is the complex biochemical process by which the food you eat is converted into the energy your body needs to function. That, in a nut shell, is what metabolism is. Most people look at their metabolism in a more simplistic sense and see it as the thing that influences how their body will gain or loss weight. There are many things that affect our metabolism, from the composition of each individual body to the food which we eat and how active we are.
Every living thing gets the energy which it needs from food, or nutrients, It eat. The human body isn't different. Without food we have not energy to move and the fuel of metabolic engine, the body, stop working. There is more to metabolism then just converting nutrients into energy. It also aids in digestive process and the absorption of nutrients into the cells as well as breaking down and remove harmful substances, such as drugs, poisons, and alcohol from the body.
In our body there are specific proteins that control the chemical reactions of metabolism and each chemical reaction is coordinated with other body functions. There are several hormones produced by the endocrine system that control the rate of the metabolic process. Thyroxine, which is a hormone produced and released by the thyroid, plays a key role in determining how fast or how slow the chemical reaction of metabolism occur in the body.
Metabolism, it has two basic components of metabolism. The first is Anabolism, or constructive metabolism , which is the building and storing function of the metabolic process. It supports the growth of new cells, the maintenance of body tissues, and the storage of energy {fat storage}for future use. The second component is catabolism , or destructive metabolism, which is the process that produce the energy required for all activity in the cells.
During this biochemical process, calories - from carbohydrates, fats and proteins-are combined with oxygen to release the energy your body is at rest, it requires to function. The number of calories which your body burns each day is called your total energy expenditure. Even when your body is at rest, it requires energy for the basics, such as fuel for organs, breathing, circulating blood, adjusting hormone levels, plus growing and repairing cells. Typically, a person's basal metabolic is the largest portion of energy use, representing two-thirds to three- quarters of the calories used each day. For the most part your body's energy requirement to process food stays relatively steady and is not easily changed. Weight gain is more likely due to an Energy Imbalance - consuming more calories than your body burns.
Reducing caloric intake or skipping by a large amount is not a good idea either, because the body will actually slow its metabolism to conserve energy. Creating a demand to burn more calories is best way to increase metabolism. People who exercise on a regular basis can eat more food without gaining weight because they use more calories. When our body is not supplemented with additional calories, as when the person eats a normal healthy diet, this tends to increase metabolism with resultant weight loss.
Nutrition, metabolism and energy :
We know that nutrition is the key to metabolism. The pathways of metabolism rely upon nutrients that they break down in order to produce energy. This energy is turn is required by the body to synthesize new proteins, nucleic acids[DNA,RNA] etc.
Nutrients in relation to metabolism encompass bodily requirement for various substances, individual function in body, amount needed, level below which poor health result etc..
Essential nutrients supply energy (calories) and supply the necessary chemical which the body itself can't synthesize. Food provides a variety of substances that are essential for the building, and repair of body tissues and for the efficient functioning of the body.
The diet needs very important and essential nutrients such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, hydrogen and around 20 other inorganic elements. The major elements are supplied in carbohydrates, lipids, and protein. In addition, vitamins, minerals and water are necessary.
Carbohydrates in metabolism
Foods supply carbohydrates in three forms -sugar, starch and cellulose{fiber}. Starches and sugars form major and essential sources of energy for humans. Fibers contribute to bulk in diet.
Body tissue depends on glucose for all activities. Carbohydrates and sugars yield glucose by digestion or metabolism.
The overall reaction for the combustion of glucose is written as- C6H1206 + 6 02 ---> 6 C 02+ 6 H20+ ENERGY
Most people consume around half of their diet as carbohydrates. This comes from rice, bread, pasta etc.
Proteins in metabolism
Proteins are the main tissue builders in the body. Protein help in cell structure, functions, haemoglobin formation to carry oxygen, enzymes to carry out vital in supplying nitrogen for DNA and for RNA genetic material and energy production.
Proteins are very important and necessary for nutrition because they contain amino acids. Among the 20 or more amino acids, the human body is unable to synthesize 8 and these are called essential amino acids.
The essential amino acid include :
Foods with the best quality protein are eggs, milk, meats,vegetables and grains.
Minerals and vitamins in metabolism
In food the minerals don't contribute directly to energy needs but are important as body regulators and play a role in metabolic pathways of the body. More than 50 elements are found in the human body. About 25 elements have been found to be essential, since a deficiency produce specific deficiency symptoms.
Important minerals include :-
Every living thing gets the energy which it needs from food, or nutrients, It eat. The human body isn't different. Without food we have not energy to move and the fuel of metabolic engine, the body, stop working. There is more to metabolism then just converting nutrients into energy. It also aids in digestive process and the absorption of nutrients into the cells as well as breaking down and remove harmful substances, such as drugs, poisons, and alcohol from the body.
In our body there are specific proteins that control the chemical reactions of metabolism and each chemical reaction is coordinated with other body functions. There are several hormones produced by the endocrine system that control the rate of the metabolic process. Thyroxine, which is a hormone produced and released by the thyroid, plays a key role in determining how fast or how slow the chemical reaction of metabolism occur in the body.
Metabolism, it has two basic components of metabolism. The first is Anabolism, or constructive metabolism , which is the building and storing function of the metabolic process. It supports the growth of new cells, the maintenance of body tissues, and the storage of energy {fat storage}for future use. The second component is catabolism , or destructive metabolism, which is the process that produce the energy required for all activity in the cells.
During this biochemical process, calories - from carbohydrates, fats and proteins-are combined with oxygen to release the energy your body is at rest, it requires to function. The number of calories which your body burns each day is called your total energy expenditure. Even when your body is at rest, it requires energy for the basics, such as fuel for organs, breathing, circulating blood, adjusting hormone levels, plus growing and repairing cells. Typically, a person's basal metabolic is the largest portion of energy use, representing two-thirds to three- quarters of the calories used each day. For the most part your body's energy requirement to process food stays relatively steady and is not easily changed. Weight gain is more likely due to an Energy Imbalance - consuming more calories than your body burns.
Reducing caloric intake or skipping by a large amount is not a good idea either, because the body will actually slow its metabolism to conserve energy. Creating a demand to burn more calories is best way to increase metabolism. People who exercise on a regular basis can eat more food without gaining weight because they use more calories. When our body is not supplemented with additional calories, as when the person eats a normal healthy diet, this tends to increase metabolism with resultant weight loss.
Nutrition, metabolism and energy :
We know that nutrition is the key to metabolism. The pathways of metabolism rely upon nutrients that they break down in order to produce energy. This energy is turn is required by the body to synthesize new proteins, nucleic acids[DNA,RNA] etc.
Nutrients in relation to metabolism encompass bodily requirement for various substances, individual function in body, amount needed, level below which poor health result etc..
Essential nutrients supply energy (calories) and supply the necessary chemical which the body itself can't synthesize. Food provides a variety of substances that are essential for the building, and repair of body tissues and for the efficient functioning of the body.
The diet needs very important and essential nutrients such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, hydrogen and around 20 other inorganic elements. The major elements are supplied in carbohydrates, lipids, and protein. In addition, vitamins, minerals and water are necessary.
Carbohydrates in metabolism
Foods supply carbohydrates in three forms -sugar, starch and cellulose{fiber}. Starches and sugars form major and essential sources of energy for humans. Fibers contribute to bulk in diet.
Body tissue depends on glucose for all activities. Carbohydrates and sugars yield glucose by digestion or metabolism.
The overall reaction for the combustion of glucose is written as- C6H1206 + 6 02 ---> 6 C 02+ 6 H20+ ENERGY
Most people consume around half of their diet as carbohydrates. This comes from rice, bread, pasta etc.
Proteins in metabolism
Proteins are the main tissue builders in the body. Protein help in cell structure, functions, haemoglobin formation to carry oxygen, enzymes to carry out vital in supplying nitrogen for DNA and for RNA genetic material and energy production.
Proteins are very important and necessary for nutrition because they contain amino acids. Among the 20 or more amino acids, the human body is unable to synthesize 8 and these are called essential amino acids.
The essential amino acid include :
- tryptophan
- lysine
- methionine
- leucine
- isoleucine
- phenylalanine
- valine
- threonine
Foods with the best quality protein are eggs, milk, meats,vegetables and grains.
Minerals and vitamins in metabolism
In food the minerals don't contribute directly to energy needs but are important as body regulators and play a role in metabolic pathways of the body. More than 50 elements are found in the human body. About 25 elements have been found to be essential, since a deficiency produce specific deficiency symptoms.
Important minerals include :-
- iron
- calcium
- phosphorus
- sodium
- potassium
- chloride ions
- copper
- cobalt
- manganese
- zinc
- magnesium
- fluorine
- iodine
- Vitamin A
- B2 ( riboflavin)
- Niacin or nicotinic acid
- Pantothenic acid etc.
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