Causes of Female Sexual Dysfunction

Now a days female sexual dysfunction is a common condition among women. It is most commonly evidenced by a decrease in the desire for sex, and difficulty in achieving arousal or orgasm, and pain or discomfort during the sexual act.

There are many reasons of female sexual dysfunction. Some of them are listed below in detail to give you an idea about female sexual dysfunction.

Physical Causes : 

When a woman is experiencing sexual dysfunction, physical causes can also be to blame. One of the most evident physical causes of female sexual dysfunction involves hormones. With many women, hormones constantly fluctuate. With this constant rise and fall in hormone levels, sexual dysfunction is bound to become noticeable at one point or another, as sexual desire and activity are, of course, largely the result of hormonal activity.

Body infection is another common cause of sexual dysfunction. Some of the most common infections which may result in ancillary complication when it comes to sexual relation are those that actually cause physical discomfort while having sex [including many sexually transmitted diseases]. Infections that can invade the urinary tract and the vaginal area can also result in female sexual dysfunction.

As a female ages, she may encounter a loss of libido.It is relatively common and while it almost always occurs as a result of hormone fluctuations,  many other physical changes in the body may be at play as well.This is particularly true of women who experience serious medical conditions in their older years, including breast cancer. Many women who grow ill must endure various types of treatments for their condition like chemotherapy, hysterectomy, and having to take certain prescription medications- any of them can lead to sexual dysfunction. In this type of condition, the woman should discuss the problem with her doctor.

Psychological Causes :

Most women experience depression, due to the taking of certain medications, fluctuations of hormone with in  the body, enduring a challenging medical condition, or often unknown origins. Regardless of the reason behind the depression, there  are many common symptoms that a women may suffer while experiencing depression. One of the most common developments is a lack of interest in sexual encounters.

Female sexual dysfunction may be the product of traumatic events in their childhood for some unfortunate individuals. These may include enduring a rap, sexual abuse, or any other type of abuse. Engaging in sexual relations in adult life may arouse of these experiences. Actually, this often imposes on the ability to enjoy or even desire sex.

Now a days women endure a lot of stress on a daily basis. Dealing with children, ensuring success in the are  of careers, maintaining the household, and upholding all other responsibilities can be an extreme burden. Most women are so exhausted and overwhelmed that they can't find it within themselves to enjoy any sexual experience. This can develop into female sexual dysfunction.   


Medical Causes :

Here are some more common medical causes of female sexual dysfunction:


Drugs

In addition to hormonal contraceptives, a surprising number of drugs can interfere with sexual functioning. These include:-

• Antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], such as Prozac [fluoxetine] and Paxil [paroxetine], which can alter brain chemical that affect sexual desire and response. They also can cause fatigue and nausea.

•  Antibiotic, which can cause yeast infections, making intercourse uncomfortable.

• Antihistamines, which dry mucous membranes [including those of the vagina]

• Heart and hypertension medicines, which can cause sexual dysfunction in as many as 25% of women taking them. In one study, women with unimpaired sexual function who were given clonidine and prazosin[antihypertensive medicines] were less likely to desire sex than those given a placebo.

•  Tranquilizers, which can lower libido and delay and prevent orgasm.

•  Sleep aids, diet aids, and other over-the counter drugs, which can cause drowsiness, impair function, and reduce sexual.

Illness

Organic diseases like disorders of the adrenal, pituitary, and thyroid glands[the regulators of hormones], cab alter your attitude toward sex. Interestingly, oxytocin, which is secreted by the pituitary glands, has been linked in animals[not humans, yet] to the contractions of the uterus during orgasm. Oxytocin is better known as the substance given to pregnant women to induce contractions.

Infection

Infection like urinary tract, rectal, vaginal infections, and sexually transmitted diseases can cause pain during intercourse.

Chemotherapy

The side effects of chemotherapy, such as fatigue and nausea, can lower libido in cancer patients, who also may feel unattractive because of breast surgery, for instance. Surgery for cancers o the ovary, bladder, rectum, and uterus can induce menopause, as can chemotherapy for breast for breast cancer.

Hysterectomy



Hysterectomy can have completely opposite effects on sexual function: Half of 104 women in one study reported improvement after subtotal hysterectomy; 21% reported deterioration. Those who felt better were more likely to have had satisfying sex lives before the surgery.

Hysterectomy should not affect sexual desire or function if the ovaries[that produce hormones] are still intact, and hormone replacement therapy can make up for missing ovaries.

Spinal Cord Injury

This types of injury doesn't have to close the book on sexual activity. In a 1995 study half of 25 women with spinal cord injury reported the ability to achieve orgasm regardless of the pattern of degree of their neurological injury.


There are a variety of ways in which a women can resolve female sexual dysfunction issues. Of course, the remedy is only effective if it directly relates to the cause. Getting the right amount of exercise, including in a healthy diet, and ensuring that stress is reduced are three fairly general, but still excellent methods of resolving sexual issues.

Sexual Dysfunction In Men and Women

Sexual dysfunction can take many forms- it is not limited to erectile dysfunction or lack of interest in sex, often referred to as a low libido. Sexual dysfunction can involve pain during intercourse, an inability to maintain an erection, or difficult experiencing an orgasm.

Though there are many causes of diminished libido and sexual dysfunction in men  and women, there are also many ways to increase libido and rekindle the joy of the sex one you identify the problem.

Woman's Sexual Dysfunction :


Female sexual dysfunction is a term for any general disturbance or disorder that frequently or always prevents a woman from engaging in satisfactory sexual intercourse. It includes lack of libido[sex drive], problems with having sexual intercourse and lack of orgasms.

Specifically, sexual dysfunction in women may be due to:-

  Vaginal dryness : This can lead to low libido and problems with arousal and desire, as sex can be painful  when the vagina is not properly lubricated. Vaginal dryness can result from hormonal changes that occur during and after menopause or while  breastfeeding, for example. Psychological issues, like anxiety about sex , can  cause vaginal dryness. And anticipation  of painful intercourse due to vaginal  dryness may, in turn , decrease a women's desire for sex.    


  Low libido: Lack of sexual desire can be caused by lower levels of the hormone estrogen. For depression, fatigue or anxiety can also lead to low libido, as can certain medications, including some these problems.


  Pain during sex : Pain can be  sometimes from a known cause like vaginal dryness. But sometimes the cause of pain during sex is elusive. Known as vulvodynia or vulvar vestibulitis, expert do not  know what is behind this mysterious type of chronic, painful intercourse. A burning sensation may accompany pain during sex. 


Difficulty achieving orgasm : Orgasm disorders, such as delayed orgasms or inability to have one at all, can affect both men and women. Some antidepressant medications can also cause these problems.


Man's Sexual Dysfunction :

Man's sexual dysfunction can be caused either due to physical factors or psychological factors or even a  combination of both. Some of the physical causes of erectile dysfunction are diabetes, hyper tension, a hardening of the arteries [also known as atherosclerosis], liver or kidney failure, multiple sclerosis, stroke and even due to prostate surgeries.


The types of sexual dysfunction men may experience include: 

  Ejaculation problems : These include premature ejaculation [ejaculation that occurs too early during intercourse ] and the inability to ejaculate at all. Causes include medication, like some antidepressants, anxiety about sex, and strict religious beliefs.

  Erectile dysfunction : Erectile dysfunction can be caused by medical condition like diabetes, high blood pressure, or anxiety about having sex. Depression, fatigue, and stress can also contribute to the erectile dysfunction.

  Low libido : Psychological issues like stress and depression, and anxiety about sex also can lead to a decreased  or no sexual desire. Decreased hormone levels, physical illnesses, and medication side effects may also diminish libido in men. 

Now a days there are many treatment for sexual dysfunction. Women and men  should go to a doctor before starting any types of treatments.

Sexual Health Of Women

Good or better sexual health is not just about sexual intercourse. Women should know that sexual health encompasses many other aspects like understanding how your body works, what turns you on and what puts you of, accepting your sexual desires and sexual orientation, choosing a form of sexual expression that you are comfortable with, and knowing how to protect yourself from sexually transmitted diseases[STD s] and unwanted pregnancies.

Some women feel a lot of anxiety about being intimate and having sexual intercourse. This may result in decreased desire, sexual arousal disorder, or erectile dysfunction. It is often helpful to take a step approach to overcome anxiety. One of the best and mutually satisfying ways to improve your sex life is to focus on the pleasures of touching.


One option is to learn how to give and receive a sensual massage. This massage can help you and your partner:-

•  express needs and desires

•  explore new way to give pleasure

•   find out how each likes to touch and want to be touched

•  you have to improve the relationship between you and your partner

An illustrated manual or book can also be helpful. Here are some general tips:-

•  Determine who will be the first giver

•  have to choose a location you both will be comfortable

•  choose whether you or your partner will be clothed  or unclothed

•  play soft music it depends on you and your partner

•  use plenty of pillows or a comforter

• Tell the giver what feels good and what does not 

Begin with your face. Normally the giver sits and the receiver lies flat on his or her back with the head resting on the giver's thing. With the hands well  lubricated, the giver begins with the chin, then strokes the cheeks, forehead, and temples.

Explore the face as if you were a blind person meeting your partner for the first time. Then you have to explore the ear lobes, lips, and the nose before returning to massage the temples for relaxation. Rest, talk about the experience, and reverse roles. Massage the rest of the body tenderly  and pay attention to your partner's feelings. Then reverse  roles. 

As a woman and individual, you should never indulge in anything you are uncomfortable with, especially when it comes to sex. Putting up with sexual activities that hurt, embarrass or humiliate is just plain wrong. If you know what you want from sexual relationship, and you understand what excites you and gives you pleasure and what does not, it empowers you to control your sexuality and choose a form of sexual expression that you are comfortable with. Women should know about their sexual health, especially if they want to maintain a good sexual health.

  

Sexual Health of Men

Sex is the one of the greatest things we know and understand as men. For us, sex is one of our greatest gifts and pleasures in life. The sexual health of men is not as complicated as that of women. Show a man a certain type of image and if his brain and nervous are working properly to produce nitric oxide, then a response will usually occur.That is not to discount any mental, emotional and  spiritual components but this is the physical component that has the greatest impact on man's sexual health. Most men just understand how hormone levels could apply but few ever consider cardiovascular health.

Cardiovascular health : 

Your cardiovascular health is as important to your sexual health as it is to your overall health. The reason why the centers on the health of the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels of your body. The creation of nitric oxide occurs in these endothelial cells. If you do not produce right amount of the nitric oxide you may have penile dysfunction. Nitric oxide is not produce due to high blood pressure, excessive smoking or cholesterol. Endothelial cells and their ability to produce nitric oxide are critical to the sexual health of men.

Hormone levels : 

At its simplest level, sex is just a hormone driven function designed to  perpetuate the species. With that said, the sexual health of American men is in trouble. Testosterone levels have been decreasing over the last 20 years. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone. It plays an very important role in maintaining bone and muscle mass. Low levels of testosterone have been linked to lowered libido and diabetes. This diabetes can affect the endothelial  cells of the blood vessels compounding the problem of lower testosterone levels.

Over the past two decades, the level of testosterone in American males has decreased by 16 percent. Researchers do not know why.  But there are some clues. The recent nurses' health  study revealed some important truths as they apply to woman. Some of those truths also apply to the sexual health of men because they can affect both hormonal levels and cardiovascular health.

You have control over the process !

Every day you replace approximately 1%of your cells. That means your body is new today, 1% is new tomorrow and 1% is new each and everyday of your life. You choose whether those new cell will be nourished  properly or poorly. You  have to choose whether you will have healthy and vibrant cells that act young or sickly and sedentary that act old.

The sexual health of your body will be affected by the choices that you take. I can call it "the 1% solution" and it can positively affect the cardiovascular and sexual health of your body.

Choices affecting sexual health !

The nurses' health study highlighted 5 critical lifestyle and diet behaviors. They are :-

•  Carbohydrates- slow verses fast !

•  Fat- natural verses artificial !

• Body weight- your BMI  !

•  Exercise- is it important?

If you look at this list , there are three critical components emerge: diet, exercise and weight. You might think that this only applies to women. It does not! Each of these factors will affect your cardiovascular health and hormonal health . Each of these factors also affects the health of your endothelial cells and their ability to produce nitric oxide. Nitric oxide production is the most important component to the sexual health of men. Now look at how all of these factors impacts your sexual health.

The diet component !

The sexual health of your body and and the cardiovascular health of your circulatory  system will be greatly determined by your food and drinking  choices what you eat and drink. These choices will also impact the potential for disease and you age.

Your first choice is the area of carbohydrates. Are you choosing foods and drinks that are high in fast carbohydrates [simple sugar]? If you are, then you need to understand that :    

• Fast carbs [complex carbohydrates]  create the potential for high blood sugar that can be cause of diabetes.

• Fast carbs disrupt  hormone levels. 

•  High blood sugar can damage  the endothelial cells of your blood vessels reducing the production of nitric oxide which is critical for good sexual health and cardiovascular health.

Learn how to consume foods that are high in slow carbs [complex carbohydrates]. Slow carbs help to keep your blood sugar levels normal and to keep balance of hormonal levels. Drink water instead  of sugar drinks and diet sodas. You need to know that drinking water hydrates your system, helps you balance your hormone levels , and aids in weight  management.

Your second choice is in the area of fats. Eliminate all trans fats from your diet and replace them with natural, heart-health fats. The nurses' health study clearly showed that how disruptive trans fats are to fertility in women. As little as four grams of trans fat [ the equivalent of two tablespoons of stick margarine, one medium order of French fries or one doughnut] began to disrupt their hormonal balance.

Now your third choice is in the area of protein. According to the Nurses' Health study, women who get their protein from the plant sources rather then from animals took a big step toward improved fertility. Animal protein can affect your sexual health. It also has direct influence on cancer.

If you do not want to give up your beef, pork or chicken, then invest the time, energy and extra cost to make sure that these sources of protein are hormone free.  Now a days much of the industry still relies on hormonal injections into their livestock to help to increase food production. Eating meat from these animals and their byproducts will affect your hormone levels. If you are not willing to switch to plant- based protein sources, then make sure  your meat and dairy sources are hormone free.

The weight component !

You have to like it or not weight impacts the sexual health of your body. Why? because fat interferes with your hormonal balance. Fat also stresses your cardiovascular system. This additional stress on your cardiovascular system will compromise the sexual health of your body. For the last 56 years American has been dieting. It has had no real impact on showing down overweight and obesity rates.

Please make food choices based on how it will improve your health and wellness, not on how it will impact your weight. Most people who do that, then you can see their weight stabilize or decrease.

The exercise component !

For both sexual health and cardiovascular health exercise is very important. Inactivity saps the body of its ability to respond to insulin and makes you less efficient in absorbing blood sugar.  People who exercise on regular basis, then they fell better about themselves and think that they are more sexual desirable.

It is very important to check with your physician or health care provider before you start an exercise program. Aerobic exercise such as walking, jogging, biking and swimming are important  and seem to increase circulation to the pelvis and the reproductive organs. But do not forget about strength training exercise .Strength training exercises will help to maintain bone health and density. Additionally training exercise will increase your spatial awareness. This is a very positive feeling that improve your overall well being.

The nitric oxide component !

We can not live without nitric oxide. Your cardiovascular system could not function properly  without nitric oxide. The sexual health of your body revolves around the production of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide depends on the health of the endothelial cells of your blood vessels, and adequate supplies to the essential  amino acid L- arginine.

High blood pressure, high sugar levels, high cholesterol levels and smoking all affect affect your endothelial cells in a negative way. Damage to these endothelial  cells will reduce nitric oxide production. This can compromise the blood flow o the sexual organ resulting in reduced sensitivity or erectile dysfunction.



Conclusion :

If you continue a life of inactively, animal protein intake, food made from refined grains, sugary drinks, increased body fat, and inadequate nitric oxide production, then you will become part of the new reality of America. This reality includes epidemic increases in diabetes, continued high levels of cardiovascular disease and also stroke, continued high levels of cancer, and poor sexual health especially for those over the age  of 40.

If we take the necessary steps to improve your diet, exercise properly, manage your weight and produce nitric oxide properly, then you will get positive changes in the sexual health of your body.

Final thought

Although the hormonal balance between men and women are different, the process of change is the same. Many of the positive steps that improve the sexual health of men. These steps can also help sexual health of women. So men and women should take necessary steps  if they want  to improve their sexual health.

Heart Diseases : Causes, Symptom, Prevention and Treatments

Heart disease is a general term that means the heart is not  working normally or properly that time this  can be called heart disease. Babies can be born with heart disease. This is called congenital heart disease. If people get heart later, it is called acquired heart disease. Most heart disease is acquired.

There are many types of heart disease. Various types of heart disease include:-

• Dilated cardiomyopathy 

•  Arrhythmias 

•  Aortic stenosis

• Aortic regurgitation

• Alcoholic cardiomyopathy 

• Cardiogenic shock

•  Congenital heart disease

• Coronary artery disease

•  Endocarditis

•  Heart failure

• Heart tumor

•  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

• Idiopathic cadiomyopathy

• Ischemic cardiomyopathy

•  Acute mitral regurgitation

• Chronic mitral  regurgitation

• Mitral  stenosis

• Mitral valve prolapse

•  Pulmonary stenosis

•  Stable angina

•  Unstable angina

•  Tricuspid regurgitation

Causes of Heart Diseases:

There are many causes of heart diseases. Most of the heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol build up in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans fat. All these add the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage or anything to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and also nutrition to our heart can be defined as a risk of heart disease.

Symptoms of heart diseases:

There are some early indication of heart disease symptoms below :

 Leg cramps during walking 

Leg cramps during exercise might be caused by dehydration. This is very important to drink a lot of fluid during exercise. Leg cramps occur when our muscle suddenly and forcefully contracts. The most common muscles to contract in this manner are muscles that cross two joints. Leg cramps during walking might be an indication of heart disease caused by arteries in your leg being clogged up by cholesterol in result of not enough oxygen being delivered to the cells in our leg.

 Headaches

People see sparkling zigzag lines or loss of vision before a migraine attack may be at particular risk of future cardiovascular problems. Usually headaches don't cause heart disease but a sudden, explosive without any symptoms.

Chest Pain

Usually chest pain caused by blood vessels in the heart temporarily being blocked up. It is also caused by inadequate oxygen  supply to the heart muscles or coronary. The persistence of chest pain would be an early indication  of heart diseases.

Dizziness


Dizziness can have some causes including low blood count, low iron in the blood stream and blood disorders, dehydration and viral illnesses. Since there are many different conditions that can produce these symptoms, anybody experiencing episodes of severe headaches or dizziness ought to be checked by your doctor.

palpitations

Palpitations is an extremely common symptom of heart disease. Palpitations are skips in the heart beats and irregular heart beats.

Shortness of breath 

Shortness of breath is the major symptom of the left ventricular insufficiency. People with shortness of breath, if they  are four times more likely to die from a heart disease related cause than individual without any symptom.

Loss of consciousness

This is a common symptom, most people pass out at least once in their lives. However, sometimes loss of consciousness indicates a dangerous condition like heart disease so when loss of consciousness occurs it is very important to figure out the cause.

Without these there are more symptoms such as fatigue, memory defects, and changes in skin tone and temperature.


Prevention Of Heart Diseases :

We know that prevention is better than cure. This also saying applies greatly to the category of heart diseases. At present heart disease is the number 1 leading caused of death. Once affected, the rest of life becomes dependent upon the mercy of God. So it is better to take preventive measures so that any heart diseases doesn't happen in the first place.

Here are some steps that can help you to prevent heart diseases :

 Don't smoke or use snuff products

Smoking or using snuff products is one of the most important risk factor for developing CDH. When it comes to preventing disease, no amount of smoking is safe. The snuff smokeless, low-tar and low nicotine cigarettes are also at risk, as is exposure to secondhand smoke.

Snuff smoke contains over 4,800 chemicals. Many of these may damage the heart and blood vessels, making them more vulnerable to the narrowing of the arteries[atherosclerosis]. Atherosclerosis can lead to heart attack.

Women who smoke and take birth control pills are at greater risk of heart attack or stroke than are those who don't do well. Worse, this risk increases with age.

However, the good news is that when you stop smoking, your risk of heart disease drops dramatically within one year. It will not be any matter how much you smoked, you begin to reap significant benefits in terms of quitting.

 stay active   

Regularly participate in moderate physical activity can reduce their risk of fatal CHD. When you combine physical activity with lifestyle measures, such as maintaining a healthy weight, the reward is even greater..


Eat a heart healthy diet

Eating a special diet called the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH] eating plan can help to  protect your heart. The diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low fat dairy products help to protect your heart. Legumes, low fat sources of protein and certain types of fish can also reduce your risk of heart disease.

Heart-healthy eating doesn't mean to reduce amount of food and fruits too much. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables that not only can prevent heart disease, but also can help to prevent cancer. That is one of the best answer to the question " How to prevent heart diseases?"


The Treatment Of Heart Disease :

Medical treatment like pain medication, nitroglycerine taken under the tongue, aspirin and oxygen is administered via a nose tube or mask. Aspirin may be prescribed as it thins the blood and helps to prevent clotting. Other drugs may also be given to prevent clotting. The sooner heart disease treatment is given better, as this may preclude the chance of the arteries becoming blocked.

Heart surgery is an option for the treatment of the heart problem, it is a very risky risky procedure. To endure the discomfort of surgery and the relatively long recuperation period are unpleasant consequences of heart surgery. Heart disease may affect anyone at any stage of life.

People who don't respond to medication or have a rapid decline in their heart condition become candidates for heart surgery. There are some instances when surgery is the only method available to repair the heart disease and offers the patients the possibility of good health subsequently. The repetition of surgery may be needed in some cases .

   

About metabolism

Metabolism is the complex biochemical process by which the food you eat is converted into the energy your body needs to function. That, in a nut shell, is what metabolism is. Most people look at their metabolism in a more simplistic sense and see it as the thing that influences how their body will gain or loss weight. There are many things that affect our metabolism, from the composition of each individual body  to the food which we eat and how active we are.

Every living thing gets the energy which it needs from food, or nutrients, It eat. The human body isn't different. Without food we have not energy to move and the fuel of metabolic engine, the body, stop working. There is more to metabolism then just converting nutrients into energy. It also aids in digestive process and the absorption of nutrients into the cells as well as breaking down and remove harmful substances, such as drugs, poisons, and alcohol from the body.

In our body there are specific proteins that control the chemical reactions of metabolism and each chemical reaction is coordinated with other body functions. There are several hormones produced by the endocrine system that control the rate of the metabolic process. Thyroxine, which  is a hormone produced and released by the thyroid, plays a key  role in determining how fast or how slow the chemical reaction of metabolism occur in the body.

Metabolism, it has two basic components of metabolism. The first is Anabolism, or constructive metabolism  , which is the building and storing function of the metabolic process. It supports the growth of new cells, the maintenance of body tissues, and the storage of energy {fat storage}for future use. The second component  is catabolism , or destructive metabolism, which is the process that produce the energy required for all activity in the cells.

During this biochemical process, calories - from carbohydrates, fats and proteins-are combined with oxygen to release the energy your body is at rest, it requires to function. The number of calories which your body burns each day is called your total energy expenditure. Even when your body is at rest, it requires energy   for the basics, such as fuel for organs, breathing, circulating blood, adjusting hormone levels, plus growing and repairing cells. Typically, a person's basal metabolic is the largest portion of energy use, representing  two-thirds to three- quarters of the calories used each day. For the most part your body's energy requirement to process food stays relatively steady and is not easily changed. Weight gain is more likely due to an Energy  Imbalance - consuming more calories than your body burns.

Reducing caloric intake or skipping by a large amount is not a good idea either, because the body will actually slow its metabolism to conserve energy. Creating a demand to burn more calories is best  way to increase metabolism. People who exercise on a regular basis can eat more food without gaining weight  because they use more calories. When our body is not supplemented with additional calories, as when the person eats a normal healthy diet, this tends to increase metabolism with resultant weight loss.

Nutrition, metabolism and energy :  

We know that nutrition is the key to metabolism. The pathways of metabolism rely upon nutrients that they break down in order to produce energy. This energy is turn is required by the body to synthesize new proteins, nucleic acids[DNA,RNA] etc.

Nutrients in relation to metabolism encompass bodily requirement for various substances, individual function in body, amount needed, level below which poor health result etc..

Essential nutrients supply energy (calories) and supply the necessary chemical which the body itself can't synthesize. Food provides a variety of substances that are essential for the building, and repair of body tissues and for the efficient functioning of the body.

The diet needs very important and essential nutrients such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, hydrogen and around 20 other inorganic elements. The major elements are supplied in carbohydrates, lipids, and protein. In addition, vitamins, minerals and water are necessary.

Carbohydrates in metabolism 

Foods supply carbohydrates in three forms -sugar, starch and cellulose{fiber}. Starches and sugars form major and essential sources of energy for humans. Fibers contribute to bulk in diet.

Body tissue depends on glucose for all activities. Carbohydrates and sugars yield glucose by digestion or metabolism.
The overall reaction for the combustion of glucose is written as- C6H1206 + 6 02 ---> 6 C 02+ 6 H20+ ENERGY

Most people consume around half of their diet as carbohydrates. This comes from rice, bread, pasta etc.

Proteins in metabolism 

Proteins are the main tissue builders in the body. Protein help in cell structure, functions, haemoglobin  formation to carry oxygen, enzymes to carry out vital in supplying nitrogen for DNA and for RNA genetic material and energy production.

Proteins are very important and necessary for nutrition because they contain amino acids. Among the 20 or more amino acids, the human body is unable to synthesize 8 and these are called essential  amino acids.

The essential amino acid include :

• tryptophan

• lysine

•  methionine

•  leucine

•  isoleucine

• phenylalanine

• valine

• threonine

Foods with the best quality protein are eggs, milk, meats,vegetables and grains.


Minerals and vitamins in metabolism 

In food the minerals don't contribute directly to energy needs but are important as body regulators and play a role in metabolic pathways of the body. More than 50 elements are found in the human body. About 25 elements have been found to be essential, since  a deficiency produce specific deficiency symptoms.

Important minerals  include :-

•  iron

•  calcium

•  phosphorus

•  sodium

• potassium

• chloride ions

•  copper

• cobalt

•  manganese

•  zinc

•  magnesium

• fluorine

•  iodine

Vitamins are very essential organic compounds that the human body can't synthesize by itself and must therefore, be present in the diet. Vitamins particularly important in metabolism include:-

• Vitamin A

•  B2 ( riboflavin)

• Niacin or nicotinic acid

• Pantothenic acid etc.

Heart and Heart Disease

Heart is a hollow muscle that pumps blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. Heart is found all animals with a circulatory system {including all vertebrates }. Human heart though, as all other mammalian hearts, is different from the heart of other animals.
 Heart disease is a broad term use to describe a range of diseases that affect our heart. There are various diseases that fall under the umbrella of heart disease include diseases of our blood vessels, such as coronary artery disease; heart rhythm problems; heart infections; and heart defects you're born with.

There are many types of heart diseases. Below is about some more common heart diseases:

(A) Congenital heart disease:

There is a fallacy of thinking that may people when they believe that all heart diseases are brought about by out side factors or that it needs some periods of time for disease to build up. This is, of course, not true as one of the most common types is congenital heart disease.

Congenital heart disease means the heart disease which is passed down through the family, and this is considered as being a congenital type as it principally inevitable. If you have early heart problem in your family then you also are at danger for congenital heart disease.

Although congenital heart disease can be caused by many factors, some of them are actually preventable. If heart problem is clustering in your family, then it may just be because of the way that your family lives, including  unhealthy practices such as poor diet, little or don't have exercise, and smoking. All of these aspects may contribute to heart problem and may create the sequence of congenital heart disease.

(B) Coronary heart disease:

Coronary heart disease, it is the most frequent type of heart problem of all, and is also leading reason of  heart attacks. Coronary heart disease is a term that refers to damage to the heart that happens because its blood supply is decreased, and what happens here is that fatty deposits build up on the linings of  the blood vessels that provide heart muscles with blood, resulting in them narrowing. This narrowing decreased blood supply to the heart muscles and also caused pain that is identified as angina.

There are some factors which are considered as being responsible cause of coronary heart disease. One in particular high cholesterol that may increase fat concentration in your blood and create the building up of fatty  deposits. Another one of the major factors of coronary heart is cigarette and smoking tobacco, as a smoker's risk of getting heart problem is two times that of a nonsmoker, and studies have actually revealed that after 5 years of quitting smoking, the risk of creating is the same as that of someone who had never smoked in their life.

(C) Congestive heart failure: 

When the heart can not pump adequate blood to the other organs in the body that time it is called congestive heart failure. Congestive heart failure can be often result from heart problem and constricted arteries. Congestive heart failure results in a heart which work a lot less efficiently than it should and can further problem. Symptoms regularly consist of swelling and edema, shortness of breath, and kidney problems which in turn can lead to mysterious weight gain. Even elevated blood pressure and alcohol abuse can lead to congestive heart failure.

The patients of congestive heart failure may be examined for congestive heart failure if they have suffered from heart problem in the past, are alcoholic, have a family history of heart problem or show one or all of the symptoms that are caused by congestive heart failure. There are choices of examinations that  aid a doctor in diagnosing this heart crisis. Treatment should begin without delay, starting with changes to diet and exercise,   as patient should abolish salt from diet altogether and sternly limit their fluid intake. Further treatment should be taken by a good professional doctor.

(D) Rheumatic heart disease: 

Rheumatic heart disease frequently derives from strep throat  infections. This may be a reason for many because strep throat, while often preventable, is a quit common condition that affects many people who don't treat a minor sore throat infection in time. However there can't be any reason or cause because rheumatic heart disease that comes from strep throat is fairly rare. The cause of rheumatic heart disease has decreased considerably since 1960 .


If rheumatic fever, which usually happens due to chronic strep throat, is contracted and leads to rheumatic heart disease, the situation can be treated in a way that is much easier than the common treatments for other types of heart problems. This treatment usually involves taking cortisteroid  anti-inflammatory medication to reverse any possible cardiac problems the fever might make. This doesn't rule out the risk for the requirement for more advanced treatment such as surgery, but it does signify the probability for a simple, yet effective treatment.

(E) Pulmonary heart disease:

This is a disease that comes from a lung, or pulmonary, disorder, or a complication of lung problems where blood flow into lung is slowed or even totally blocked, resulting increased pressure on the lung. There are some different symptoms that come with pulmonary heart disease, such as shortness of breath, syncope, dyspnoea and chest pain.

Pulmonary is a state which is often misdiagnosed and has frequently progressed to late stages by the time it is actually correctly diagnosed. At present there are many new treatments which are accessible which have extensively improved the overall prognosis  of this disease.


Heart failure:

Heart failure doesn't mean the heart has stopped working. Rather, heart failure means that the heart's pumping power is weaker than normal. With heart failure, blood moves through the heart and body slowly, and pressure in the heart increases. As a result, the heart can't pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. The chamber of the heart respond by stretching to hold more blood to pump through the body  or by becoming more stiff and thickened. It helps  to keep the blood moving for a short while, but in time, the heart muscle walls weaken are unable to pump as strongly. As a result, the kidneys respond by causing the body to retain fluid and sodium. If fluid builds up in the arms, legs, ankles, feet, or other organs, the body  becomes congested , and congestive heart failure is the term used to describe the condition.   

What Is Mental Health?

Mental health is a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his and her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his and her community. Otherwise, mental health is a state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his and her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life.

Mental health, as defined by the surgeon General's report on mental health, "refers to the successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationship with other people, and the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity."

Now a days in most countries, particularly low and middle-income counties mental health services are severely short of resources- both human and financial. Of the health care resources available, most are current spend on the specialized treatment and care of the people with mental illness, and to a lesser extent on an integrated mental health system. Instead of providing care in a large psychiatric hospitals, counties should integrate mental health into primary health care, provide mental health care in general hospitals. Counties should develop community-based mental health services.

Even less funding can be available for mental health promotion, an umbrella term that covers a variety of strategies, all aimed at having a positive effect on mental health well being in general. The encouragement of individual resources  and skill and improvement in the socio-economic environment are among the strategies used.

Mental health development depends on multi-sectoral action, involving a number of government sectors and nongovernmental or community-based organizations . The focus should be on promoting  mental health throughout the lifespan to ensure a healthy start in life for children and for preventing mental disorders in adulthood or old age. 

Sleep Problems/Disorders

At present sleep problem are common. Seep is a natural state of rest which involves less body movements and no awareness of the actual surroundings. Sleep can be distinguished from other sleeplike states such as hibernation and coma becausesleep disorder.
it involves certain conditions like rapid eye movement or REM. Almost allcreatures sleep, including of course animals. Of course varying positions and manners of doing this exist in every person. This however, is characterized by a lack of appropriate regeneration of a person's basic bodily requirements. Less sleep means a lesser productive you! when a person lacks sleep it is very too much difficult for sufferers to go through the day with ease. As this problem progresses, it can be considered a

Below is information- including symptoms, causes and some possible treatment options, on more common sleep-related problems and disorders in adults.

Poor Sleep Habits :

Now a days poor sleep habits are one of the most common problems. We are too late to go to sleep or bed but get up too early in the morning. We interrupt our sleep with drugs, work,  and we overstimulate ourselves with late night activities such as television or using facebook. So we have to avoid this poor sleep habits.

 Sleep Apnea 

The word apnea means"not breathing". Patients with the usual form of sleep apnea actually close off their airway at night .

This airway closure occurs either behind the tongue or behind the nose. Patients continue to make effort to breath. And then after 10-120seconds, the brain, realizing it is not getting any oxygen, actual" week up". The brain then tells the upper airway to open to let some air in.

Sleep apnea, it is dangerous, common, relative easy to diagnose and treatable. Patients with apnea have risk for heart disease, heart attacks, stokes, and high blood pressure. In addition, since the sleep is poor quality , patients are often sleepy during full time of the day. Sleepiness is associated with inability to concentrate, remember or think. There is risk  in falling asleep while doing vital tasks such as driving or using heavy machinery.

Medical treatment involves weight loss if the patients are overweight, avoidance of drugs, which increase the risk of apnea like sleeping pills, alcohol, and  sedative  medicines, and sometimes sleeping semi-upright. In the most cases additional treatments are warranted.

Some patients may be candidates for surgery on the upper airway. In the upper airway surgery the uvula (that punching bag in the back of the throat)andsome  some  of the surrounding soft tissue is removed to enlarge the air passage. IN other cases a dental device designed to move the lower jaw down and out wards slightly may be worn at night. 

In a few cases,  the treatment is started with an emergent tracheostomy when sleep apnea is considered to be immediately life-threatening. This decision about which form of treatment to take should be decided by the patients and their physician on the basis of the sleep studies and rest of the clinical data.

 Insomnia

Insomnia is the inability to sleep enough at night. People who have insomnia do not feel as if they get enough sleep at night. They may have trouble falling asleep or may week up frequently during the night or early in the morning. Insomnia is a problem if it affects your daytime activities. Insomnia has some possible causes, including stress,anxiety, depression, poor sleep habits, circadian rhythm disorders. Insomnia may be situational, lasting a few days to weeks, or chronic, lasting for more than one month.

 Around 90 to 12 percent of the American report chronic insomnia. In severe cases, patients experience fatigue, sleepiness, difficulty concentrating and difficulty with thinking. Insomnia may be a symptom of breathing problems at night like sleep apnea, of medical illness like heart failure, or a symptom of severe anxiety  or depression illness.

While short lasting insomnia periods are well treated with medication, chronic or long lasting insomnia mayn't respond to medication. Thus throwing sleeping pills at many patients with chronic insomnia is not an effective way to treat the problem.  

An evaluation by the patient's personal physician or sleep specialist can help to get to the root of the problem. Many patients respond well to what is called "cognitive behavioral therapy". Relaxation and behavioral techniques , these may be used to help patients fall asleep. This combined with treatment of any underlying disorders is often the best way to treat the devastating symptom of insomnia.

Sleepwalking  

Sleepwalking , also referred to as somnambulism, is characterized by walking or physical activities during sleep. Sleepwalking is very common in children . In children, it can be associated with sleep deprivation or anxiety. In adults, it can be more commonly associated with other medical disorders, medication use , or anxiety.

Clinically, the person may simply sit up with their eyes open, appearing to be awake or they may engage in a complex task.  Episodes can last from seconds to minutes. Contrary to popular belief, it is safe to wake a sleepwalker but they may be confused or disoriented on waking.
There no specific treatment without avoiding triggers if known , or treat anxiety or depression. If severe, short-term use of sedatives may be considered. Otherwise it is best to keep the person safe and out of harm's way. We often advise families to make sure the windows are closed and that there is no any possibility of sleepwalking leading to danger for the patient.

Narcolepsy 

Narcolepsy is a  chronic sleep disorder, that begins during adolescence and is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness with the occurrence of sleep attacks. Narcolepsy can run in families but can occur in the absence of any family history as well.