Diabetes is a condition where body fails to utilize ingested glucose properly . This could be for want of hormone insulin or the insulin is present isn't working effectively or body's cells do not respond properly to insulin or both. Patients with high blood sugar will typically polyuria ( frequent urination ), they will became increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and (polyphagia).
"Diabetes" we know that it is from Greek and it means a "siphon". Aretus the cappadocin, a Greek physician during the 2nd century A.d , named the condition diabainein . He described patients who were passing too much water ( polyuria ) like a siphon. The word became "diabetes" from the adoption Medieval Latin diabetes.
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is caused when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to naturally turn sugars ingested in to your body into energy . There are three major types of diabetes.
Type-1 diabetes:
We can call type 1 diabetes an autoimmune disease in which our body destroys insulin producing beta cells in in the pancreas. If those cells are destroyed the they will not create again. This type of diabetes usually occurs under the age of 30 and often in childhood.
Type one diabetes also are known by a variety of other name , like insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), juvenil diabetes ,brittle diabetes, sugar diabetes. Type one usually develops in children and young adults, but it can found at any age . Type one can be cause of many problems. Type one is different from type two.
symptoms of type-1 diabetes:
- high level of sugar in blood and urine when it is tested.
- unclear vision.
- extreme hunger
- frequent urination
- unusual thirst
- nausea and vomiting
- bad temper and mood changes.
Causes of type-1diabetes :
Type one diabetes is the result of the body's failure to produce insulin , the hormone that allows glucose to entry the cells of the body to provide fuel. I is a protein that is speedily broken down in the digestive area. In this type, the body can no longer create insulin for that glucose can not acquire in to the body's cells.
Though nobody knows why it occurs, scientists think it has something to do with genes. But just getting the genes for diabetes is not usually sufficient. A person most likely would then have to be exposed to something else- like a virus- to get type one diabetes.
Most of the people have wrong idea about type one that sweets or wrong kind of food is the cause of type one diabetes it is a wrong idea , but it can cause obesity which is the cause of type-2 diabetes.
Treatment of type-1 diabetes:
Firstly a diabetes patient should monitor and control their glucose levels. They need to
- test blood sugar level
- give themselves insulin injections or use an insulin pump
- eat a balanced healthy diet and pay special attention to quantities of sugars in the food and maintain a perfect time for eating.
- exercise on a regular basis that will help to maintain blood sugars levels and for that you will get ride of long term health problem.
Type-2 diabetes:
Type 2 diabetes is known as Adult onset Diabetes. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), maturity onset diabetes.
We know that it is more common and constituents 80-90% of all cause of diabetes. It occurs in adults over 40 years of age. But at present cases are observed in year also. Most of the people with type 2 diabetes
do not know that they have diabetes, although it is a serious condition. Generally when the diagnosis is made, patient is asymptomatic. Routine urine or blood test shows the presence of high glucose levels in the blood or urine. The onset of symptom in type 2 are slow and doesn't progresses rapidly.
Insufficient insulin secretion by Beta cell due to their destruction is the main cause of type 2diabetes. Due to want of insulin, there there is raised blood sugar level and finally diabetes type 2 diabetes mellitus also occur for development of insulin resistance where the cells of the body mainly fat and muscle cells can not accept the insulin.
Type-2 diabetes is more prevalent because of faulty eating habit, increasing obesity end failure to exercise. There is a direct relationship between the degree of obesity and the risk of developing type 2diabetes.
Symptom of type-2 diabetes :
- frequent thirst and urination
- nausea
- unexplained weight loss
- frequent infection
- wounds and sores
- heal slowly
- and fatigue
This type diabetes can often be prevented or controlled with certain lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet and regular exercise. Some patients need to take medications.
Gestational Diabetes:
This type of diabetes occurs in pregnant women and is caused by an intolerance to carbohydrates, which caused blood sugar levels to increase. It is very important for a woman who has gestational diabetes to control the disease in order to prevent the baby from being affected at birth. If a pregnant women can not control blood sugar levels, there is a risk of the baby going into insulin shock at birth.
This type of diabetes risk factor include a family history of diabetes, increased maternal age and obesity. While the symptoms of gestational diabetes usually disappear after the birth, there are significant risks to both the mother and child.The is at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes at a later time and the child is at a higher risk of being obese or developing diabetes later in life.
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